Osteochondrosis is a degenerative degenerative damage of the spine, including the failure of the bodies of the vertebrae, joint equipment, ligament and disc movement. This disease is sufficient in all countries - from 45 to 85% of the population with this disease. The beginning of osteoarthritis occurs in patients over 30 to 35 years old, however, cases of early onset is known. Men and women are sick with the same frequency.
ReasonThere is no uniform cause of the development of osteoarthritis. There are a large number of causal factors tended. The main ones are as follows:
Spinal injury (fracture, bruise, dislocated);
Genetic tendencies;
Foot disease causes spinal overload - this includes flat feet, diverse deformations of the feet, Valgus deformation of the foot;
Wearing close and uncomfortable shoes for a long time (also causing spinal overload);
Overweight and obesity;
Changes related to age;
Sedentary lifestyle;
The athletes suddenly abandon their training and classrooms;
Metabolic disorders;
Curvature spine (Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis);
Professional features - lifting weights, turning regularly and snatching the body, working in an uncomfortable body position;
Lower body heat regularly and prolonged;
Emphasize;
A specific climate, both at the residence and at work - low air temperatures and high humidity.
When exposed to one or more causes of the cause, the development of the disease begins. That is the practice to divide it into four main stages:
The first phase. There is a reduction in the moisture in the core of the disc, it becomes more flat, the distance between the vertebrae decreases. The cartilage is covered with small cracks.
Second phase. Due to the decrease in the distance between the vertebrae, the muscles and the ligament structure of the vertebrae occur. This leads to pathological movement of the vertebrae, their movement.
Third phase. Due to the progress of the spine, the squeezing (protruding) of the discs, the sublimation of the vertebra occurs.
Fourth phase. Between the vertebrae, osteophytes (Osteophytes) appears, in order to eliminate the mobility of the vertebrae, the prevention of dislocations. Over time, there are many of them that the vertebrae are completely affected by the ability to move. In this case, there is a injury of blood vessels and nerves passing through the vertebra and leaving the spine.
In the early and final stages of the clinical manifestation (pain), the patient does not have.
ClassifyThere are many classifications of joints. Each doctor chooses the most acceptable people for themselves. The following classifications are most commonly used:
Classification of the failure of the spine:
Cervical bone;
Osteochondrosis chest;
Osteochondrosis waist;
Crowned Osteochondrosis;
Expansion (popular) Osteochondrosis - affects 2 or more spine.
Classification according to the degree of change in Intervertebral disk (radioactive stage):
0 phase - no disc changes;
Stage 1 - Small changes, including maximum tears;
2 stages - Serious changes in the disk while maintaining the outer surface;
Phase 3-The plate is completely affected (cracks with the outer surface, squeezing the disc from the bottom of the vertebra, etc. ).
Clinical classification and level of weakened spine function:
Stage 1 - The function of the spine does not change, the patient feels mild pain in the damage;
2 stages - The function of the subluxuses of the vertebrae occurs, protruding the plate, pinching nerves), pain in the position of strengthening destruction;
Stage 3 - Deformed spine, herniated discs of Intervertebral discs, significantly pain;
Stage 4 - The patient is very difficult to move, the ability to move the spine, pain in the minimum movement. Patients with disabilities.
Symptoms of osteoarthritisSymptoms of osteoarthritis depend on the area of the spine damage and the degree of disorder occurs in it.
For clinical images expansion of osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, the following signs are characteristic:
Vision violations;
Dizzy;
Tinnitus;
Flashing "flies" in front of the eyes and the appearance of colored spots;
Hearing loss;
Headache in the neck, temples and ingredients, enhancing when moving the cervical spine;
Loss of consciousness;
Snoring;
The hoarseness of its voice or its weakness;
Numbness and loss of skin sensitivity of the face, neck and hand;
Dental destruction;
Blood pressure table.
For osteoarthritis of the chest spine, the following symptoms are characteristic:
The pain in the heart, lasting for a long time, pain or pressing, often sharp, stitching, sharp, patients can show a specific pain point;
Numbness in the chest, abdomen and back;
Pain in the spine, especially between the shoulder blades, is strongly expressed;
Pain when raising hands;
Pain with a sharp and deep breath, and then participate when exhaling;
Pain, discomfort and difficulty while tilting the body in any direction.
The following symptoms are characteristic of osteoarthritis of lumbar spine and spine:
Pain in the area of the lumbar spine and the spine (lumbar), may be for one or both legs, enhanced with any movement of the spine in the affected area;
Freezing legs at comfortable temperatures for other parts of the body;
Almost continuous tension in the back muscles, especially the lumbar region;
A sense of paralysis, goosebumps and tingling on the skin and buttocks;
Intravenous veins on the legs;
Potential violations in men;
Increase sweat;
Puror of the skin on the feet;
Irregular menstruation in women.
With prolonged and forgotten osteoarthritis, when the vertebrae are affected by each other, the patient is only worried because it cannot be moved in a specific spine, pain, as prescribed, reduced or completely leaves.
DiagnoseFirst of all, the doctor conducted a survey and examination of the patient, set up a preliminary diagnosis. To confirm, additional inspection methods are specified. For osteoarthritis, they are only a tool, because the laboratory (testing) will not show any confirmation change.
The main diagnostic methods include the following methods:
Check x -ray. Allows you to determine the level of damage to the vertebra, their position, and bone formation. By indirect methods, you can determine the status of bone and disc channels;
Computer class cutting (CT). Allows you to identify the status of the disc, structure and shape of them, deformation of the vertebrae and compress the nerves and roots;
Magnetic resonance images (MRI). Allows you to identify smaller violations in the spine and are prescribed in the case of controversial issues that are still the post of CT;
Ultrasound process. Allow you to determine the level of blood flow in the vessels supplied to the spinal cord and other organs;
Myelography. The X -ray method of the spine using contrast material. Allows you to determine the Intervertebral hernia.
Osteoarthritis treatmentConservative treatmentIn the treatment of osteoarthritis, conservation treatments are mainly used. In this case, the approach for each patient should be individual and complicated. Conservative treatment can be divided into 4 main groups:
Drug treatment;
Physiotherapy;
Spa treatment;
Diet (basic of appropriate nutrition).
Treatment with osteoarthritisThe drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis must be used in serious times. They contribute to reducing symptoms, and also affects a number of factors in the development of the disease. The main drug groups are used in the treatment of osteoarthritis:
NSAID. Non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs have anesthetic, anti -inflammatory effects, and also reduce the increase in temperatures of the affected tissues of the spine and its structure. With obvious symptoms, the serious first days of the disease are prescribed in the form of injection. The frequency of use is 1-2 times a day. After that, they switched to drug forms with the treatment rate of 10-30 days, if necessary. The admission frequency is from 1 to 4 times a day. In addition, along with tablets and injections, ointments or creams are displayed, applied to the skin in the area of the spine 1-3 times a day.
Musorelaxants. The preparation of this group performs a great deal of muscle gain, relaxing the broken muscle fibers and facilitates the patient's condition. On average, the treatment process is about 1 month. With serious symptoms, treatment begins with injections. The dosage must start with a minimum, increasing gradually until the treatment effect, then also decreases to completely cancel.
Some other groups are used as supplements:
Vitamin. Accelerate tissue recovery process, normalize neuromuscularity, accelerate metabolism, etc. v. . . Almost always these drugs for osteoarthritis are prescribed in the form of injection, courses for 10 days. These are vitamins B1, B2, B6, E.
Blood preparation. These drugs normalize blood flow in veins and arteries, restore muscle tunes of blood vessels and restore metabolism. Typically, tablet release forms are used. The treatment time for these agents is from 1 to 3 months. In addition, in the extreme case, the injection is possible in the first 5-10 days, with the next conversion process to the tablet.
Glucocorticosteroid. They have anti -inflammatory effects, nasal pills, enhance the work of NSAID and muscle relaxants. Depending on the severity of the patient's condition, they are prescribed in the form of intramuscular injection or in the heart, or in the form of tablets to drink. The treatment process is selected individually, from a few days to a few weeks. The abolition should take place in decreasing doses.
Biological stimulants. Accelerating metabolism, stimulating tissue recovery, reducing inflammation and swelling and more. Most are often used in the form of injection and somewhat less common in the form of a tablet or other forms to use the mouth. The treatment process may range from 1 week to 2-3 months, depending on the severity of the disease.
Physiotherapy treatmentPhysical therapy measures, combined with the drug, allows you to accelerate recovery processes, and also extend the remission time when used outside of the extensions. There are many physical therapy methods and most of them are well done in the treatment of osteoarthritis:
Electricity. Depending on the drug used in this process, it has analgesic effect. The metabolism is improved and normalized the blood flow in the affected tissues.
Acupuncture (Acupuncture). With the help of the best metal and their effects on the patient's skin -based activity, an analgesic effect has been achieved, the process of restoration and metabolism is stimulated and inflammation.
Magnet therapy. Reduce pain, swelling and tissue inflammation, increasing the speed of the nerve conductivity, and the metabolism normally
Craft therapy. The ability to exercise is recovered in the joints of the spine, the pain syndrome is reduced.
Massage. Normalize muscle melody, eliminate back pain, restore nerve conductivity.
Exercise therapy. Restoring the mobility of the spine, relieving pain, restoring the usual lifestyle, strengthening the muscle frame of the back, relaxing the back muscles, acceleration of metabolism.
The traction of the spine. The mobility of the spine is restored, prevents the progression of the disease and the development of complications and anesthesia.
Laser therapy. Improve blood supply, stimulate tissue regeneration, relieve pain and inflammation, reduce spinal swelling.
Thermal therapy. Effective anesthesia, normalization of blood and lymphatic flow through blood vessels, reducing inflammation in tissues, acceleration of cartilage recovery.
Mudreing (Peloid therapy). Reduce pain in the spine, reduce muscle spasms, mitigate inflammation, improve blood supply and metabolism.
A patient may be prescribed for a physiotherapy and complexity event. It depends on the severity of the osteoarthritis process and the accompanying diseases. The average treatment time is 10-15 days. Should repeat 3-4 times a year. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the severe frequency and the progression of osteoarthritis many times.
